Lithium

Lithium

Soft, silvery-gray metal. It was discovered by the Swede Johan Arfvedson in 1817. The name comes from the Greek word lithos meaning “stone”. It is the lightest solid element and its density (0.53 g/cm³) is about half that of water. This fact makes it suitable for alloys, mostly with aluminum, used in the construction of airplanes, high-speed trains and bicycles.

The “oxygen masks” in airplanes (or submarines), generally do not contain oxygen, which would occupy too much space, but solid lithium dioxide, which reacts with the breathed out carbon dioxide, producing lithium carbonate and oxygen.

Lithium carbonate is used to treat “bipolar disorders”, acting on both mania and depression [1]. It is  stimated that about 1 % of the world’s population suffer from this disorder. There is a long list of famous possible “bipolars” although it is difficult to provide evidence, give either the distance of time or their reticence to expose themselves. There are, however, indications that Robert Schumann, Charles Dickens, Jack London, and Ernest Hemingway had bipolar symptoms [2].

The largest known deposit of lithium is in the “Salar de Atacama”, a salt lake in Chile [3]. Lithium minerals are transported from the desert by the river San Pedro and deposited in that salt lake.

[1] V. Salvi et al., J. Clin. Psychiatry 2008, 69, 1307–1318. DOI: 10.4088/JCP.v69n0816
[2] www.mental-health-today.com/bp/famous_people.htm
[3] British Ceramics Transactions 1999, 98, 208–209.

The grave of the feeble breath
becomes a source
of fighting spirit.
That which calms
the manic mind
is passion
for a withered soul.
And floats
on water.

And all of them:
source, lightness,
passion,
sepulchre,
are caught in the desert
by a river
and poured out
into a vastness
of salt.